A NEW FLOW-BASED MODEL OF END-TO-END INTEGRATION IN PREMIUM PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAINS

Gedryf deur die totale koste van eienaarskap, handel en tegnologiemededinging tussen die Verenigde State van Amerika en China, en die COVID-19-pandemie, ondergaan wereldwye voorsieningskettings 'n groot herstrukturering wat binnekort die besigheid en ekonomie oor die hele wereld sal transformeer. Onlangs het voorsieningskettings met end-totend-integrasie vir premium landbouvoedselprodukte as 'n nuwe sakemodel na vore gekom. Hierdie artikel ondersoek hoe hulle moet funksioneer, en identifiseer die voorsieningskettingstruktuur / - produksie / - besigheids toestande wat nodig is vir hul ontwikkeling. Ons bestudeer 'n premium voorsieningsketting wat bestaan uit baie klein plase wat piesangs van topgehalte produseer, een integreerfirma en duisende kleinhandelwinkels. Ons gebruik industrie- en besigheidsdata om 'n meervoudige roete-vloei-gebaseerde model te kalibreer van plase tot integreerder tot kleinhandelaars/markte. Ons gebruik dan sensitiwiteitsanalise om die belanghebbendes se besluitgedrag te analiseer, en identifiseer en bespreek drie hoofbesluitkwessies: kontrakboerdery, kapasiteitstrategie en besigheidsrobuustheid. Vir kontrakspesifikasie is kontraktering op prys, eerder as hoeveelheid, bevorderlik om die belange van die belanghebbendes te koördineer. Vir die kapasiteitstrategie moet die integreerder rou produkte van baie klein plase verkry eerder as minder groot plase. Vir besigheid se robuustheid kan die integreerder steeds robuuste winste verseker deur sy produkaanbod te reguleer wanneer nuwe mededingers ontstaan of vraag verander. Hierdie resultate word onder verskeie scenario's getoets om die impak van insetparameters of voorsieningskettingstruktuur te bepaal, en word geverifieer met 'n bedryfspraktisyn wat ondervinding het met veelvuldige premium agri-voedselprodukte. Die resultate, tesame met die vloeimodel en sy berekeningsprosedure, kan deur voorsieningskettingbeplanners gebruik word om nuwe besighede te begin of om kleinhandelaars se premium produkaanbiedinge in mededingende besigheidsomgewings te onderskei.Alternate :Driven by the total cost of ownership, US-China trade and technology competition, and the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chains are undergoing a major restructuring that will soon transform business and economics all over the world. Recently, supply chains with end-to-end integration for premium agri-food products have emerged as a new business model. This paper examines how they should function, and identifies the supply chain structure/production/business conditions necessary for their development. We study a premium supply chain consisting of many small farms that produce top-quality bananas, one integrator firm, and thousands of retail stores. We use industry and business data to calibrate a multiple-route flow-based model from farms to integrator to retailers/markets. We then use sensitivity analysis to illuminate the stakeholders' decision behaviour, and identify and discuss three main decision issues: contract farming, capacity strategy, and business robustness. For contract specification, contracting on price rather than quantity is conducive to coordinating the interests of the stakeholders. For the capacity strategy, the integrator should source raw products from many small farms rather than fewer large farms. For business robustness, the integrator could still ensure robust profits by regulating its product supply when new competitors arise or demand changes. These results are tested under various scenarios to determine the impact of input parameters or supply chain structure, and are verified with an industry practitioner who has experience with multiple premium agri-food products. The results, along with the flow model and its computation procedure, could be used by supply chain planners to start new businesses or to differentiate retailers' premium product offerings in competitive business environments.

Association Between the Community Prevalence of COVID-19 and Daily Unscheduled Absences of Anesthesiologists, Nurse Anesthetists, and Residents in an Academic Anesthesia Department.

Introduction An "unscheduled absence" refers to an occurrence when an employee does not appear for work and the absence was not approved in advance by an authorized supervisor. Daily unscheduled absences need to be forecasted when doing staff scheduling to maintain an acceptable risk of being unable to run all anesthetizing locations and operating rooms planned. The number of extra personnel to be scheduled needs to be at least twice as large as the mean number absent. In an earlier historical cohort study, we found that our department's modeled risks of being unavailable unexpectedly differed among types of anesthesia practitioners (e.g., anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists) and among weekdays (i.e., Mondays, Fridays, and workdays adjacent to holidays versus other weekdays). In the current study, with two extra years of data, we examined the effect of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of unscheduled absences. Methods There were 50 four-week periods studied at a large teaching hospital in the United States, from August 30, 2018 to June 29, 2022. The sample size of 120,687 person-assignment days (i.e., a person assigned to work on a given day) included 322 anesthesia practitioners (86 anesthesiologists, 88 certified registered nurse anesthetists, 99 resident and fellow physicians, and 49 student nurse anesthetists). The community prevalence of COVID­19 was estimated using the percentage positive among asymptomatic patients tested before surgery and other interventional procedures at the hospital. Results Each 1% increase in the prevalence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic patients was associated with a 1.131 increase in the odds of unscheduled absence (P < 0.0001, 99% confidence interval 1.086 to 1.178). Using an alternative model with prevalence categories, unscheduled absences were substantively more common when the COVID-19 prevalence exceeded 2.50%, P [Formula: see text] 0.0002. For example, there was a 1% unscheduled absence rate among anesthesiologists working Mondays and Fridays early in the pandemic when the prevalence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic patients was 1.3%. At a 1% unscheduled absence rate, 67 would be the minimum scheduled to maintain a <5.0% risk for being unable to run all 65 anesthetizing locations. In contrast, there was a 3% unscheduled absence rate among nurse anesthetists working Mondays and Fridays during the Omicron variant surge when the prevalence was 4.5%. At a 3% unscheduled absence rate, 70 would be the minimum scheduled to maintain the same risk of not being able to run 65 rooms. Conclusions Increases in the prevalence of COVID-19 asymptomatic tests were associated with more unscheduled absences, with no detected threshold. This quantitative understanding of the impact of communicable diseases on the workforce potentially has broad generalizability to other fields and infectious diseases.

The role of digital transformation in improving collaborative planning to address unexpected crisis

Unexpected crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic considerably influence business operations and supply chains worldwide. Therefore, many companies have adopted digitalization to address the rapidly changing environment. However, few studies have explored the mediating mechanism between digitalization and collaborative planning. Based on structural equation modeling, this study examines how digital transformation can improve collaborative planning through the mediating roles of management participation and information sharing. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly affects management and information sharing. Additionally, management participation and information sharing positively affect collaborative planning. However, this study reveals that digital transformation does not directly influence collaborative planning. Overall, owing to a lack of research exploring the mediating mechanism between digital transformation and collaborative planning, this study contributes to digitalization and manufacturing and provides valuable suggestions. Fundamentally, companies that want to develop digitalization and encourage collaborative planning should consider the effects of management participation and information sharing.

METHODS FOR FORECASTING DEMAND IN REPAIRING AN AIRLINE'S REPAIRABLE LINE REPLACEABLE UNIT PARTS

Verspreide mislukkingsfrekwensie, veranderlike en komplekse bei'nvloedende faktore, en 'n lae akkuraatheid in die voorspelling van voorraadaanvraag is kenmerke van lynvervangbare eenheid (LRU) onderdele. Sommige duur herstelbare LRU (HR-LRU) onderdele het 'n aansienlike impak op die koste van vliegtuigonderdele. Baie lugrederye stel baie belang om die vraag na HR-LRU-onderdele te voorspel. Hierdie studie bied prosedures aan om die optimale model vir die voorspelling van die vraag na HR-LRU-onderdele te identifiseer. Eerstens is 'n tradisionele voorspellingsmodel, sewe enkelmetingsmodelle en vier gekombineerde modelle gekies en gebruik om mislukkingsdata te voorspel. Vervolgens is evalueringsindekse vir assessering gekies om die optimale model te verkry. Laastens het ons die werklike en voorspelde waardes vergelyk om die gevolgtrekkings wat tydens die vorige evalueringstap gemaak is, te verifieer. Die resultate het aangedui dat, onder die enkelmodelle, die negatiewe binomiale regressiemodel en die Holt-Winters model die mees geskikte was vir HR-LRU dele. Die SSE en MAE van die negatiewe binomiale regressie was die laagste op 118.4114 en 1.97352 onderskeidelik, en die Holt-Winters model se MAE was die laagste op 1. 13270. Die IOWA operateur voorspellingsmodel en die fout wederkerige veranderlike gewig kombinasie metode het voorspellings opgelewer wat die naaste aan die werklike waardes was onder die gekombineerde modelle. Die voorspellingsfoute van die negatiewe binomiale regressiemodel en die IOWA-operateurmodel was slegs 0,169 3 en 1,411 3 in 2018. Benewens die samestelling van 'n stel prosesse om die vraag na HR-LRU-onderdele te voorspel, bespreek ons ook die graad van passing van verskillende metodes, die redes vir die verandering in die gewaarborgde koers van HR-LRU-onderdele, en die redes vir die voorkoms van spesiale jare. Ons vergelyk ook die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen hierdie artikel en ander navorsingsartikels.Alternate :Scattered failure frequency, variable and complex influencing factors, and a low accuracy in predicting inventory demand are characteristics of line replaceable unit (LRU) parts. Some high-priced repairable LRU (HR-LRU) parts have a considerable impact on the cost of aircraft spare parts.This study presents procedures to identify the optimal model for forecasting the demand for HR-LRU parts. First, a traditional prediction model, seven single measurement models, and four combined models were selected and used to predict failure data. Subsequently, evaluating indexes were selected for assessment to obtain the optimal model. Finally, we compared the actual and predicted values to verify the conclusions drawn during the previous evaluation step. The results indicated that, among the single models, the negative binomial regression model and the Holt-Winters model were most suitable for HRLRU parts. The SSE (sum of squares error) and MAE (mean absolute error) of the negative binomial regression were the lowest at 118.4114 and 1.97352 respectively, and the Holt-Winters model's MAE was the lowest at 1. 13270. The IOWA operator prediction model and the error reciprocal variable weight combination method produced predictions closest to the actual values among the combined models. In addition to constructing a set of processes to prediction, we also discuss the fit of different methods, the reasons for the change in the guaranteed rate, and the reasons for the occurrence of special years. We also compare the similarities and differences between this article and other papers.

Preface - NanoInnovation 2021

The 6th edition of the NanoInnovation, Conference and Exhibition, has been held September 21-24, 2021, hosted as usual in the Renaissance Cloister by Giuliano da Sangallo of the Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering of SAPIENZA University of Rome (Italy). The peculiar situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, showing a momentaneous break in the epidemy, allowed to conduct the conference in presence even if, to favor a larger audience and to support participants with difficulty in travelling, all the events were available also by remote connection.NanoInnovation is the main Italian meeting place for the wide and multidisciplinary community involved in the development of nanotechnologies and their integration with other key enabling technologies (KETs), in all application fields. The event aims at involving the scientific, industrial, and business communities in an open discussion environment, where researchers, technologists, managers, entrepreneurs and investors can share experiences, opinions and expectations about the role of nanotechnologies for future innovations.As in the already established protocol the Conference, with a strong bottom-up character, was co-organized with the support of the major Italian players in nanotechnology coming both from the public and academic research and from the industrial sector.List of Conference Chair, Organizing Committee, Steering Committee, Programme Committee, Honorary Committee are available in this pdf.

Preface

Over the last 4 years, MEIE has been held in various locations, including Hangzhou (2018 & 2019), an online conference due to COVID-19 (2020), and a hybrid event in Kunming (2021), attracted speakers and participants from 12 countries and regions including Australia, Canada, China, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, the United States...The Fifth International Conference on Mechanical, Electric and Industrial Engineering (MEIE 2022) was co-organized by China Institute for Quality Research (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) and Ningbo University, which was supposed to be held on May 24-26, 2022 in Sanya, China. Due to the COVID-19 situation and focusing on the health and well-being of the conference participants, the organizing committee decided to hold MEIE 2022 virtually/online on June 24-25, 2022. This event attracted over 80 participants from 6 different countries and regions, and addressed both basic research and the societal/industrial-technological needs within mechanical, electric and industrial engineering.Conference program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations. We are honored to invite 5 experts to give the impressive keynote speeches. And there were 22 oral presenters and 14 poster presenters. During these sessions, presenters shared their latest research findings. Audiences were actively participated in discussion and voting for the best presentations.The proceedings of this conference comprise 98 accepted contributions from 234 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous peer review to meet the requirements of international publication standards. Many thanks to the authors for their valuable contributions and to the attendees for their active participation. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers, who provided constructive criticism and stimulating comments and suggestions to the authors. We are grateful to the organizers, technical program committee for their precious time and advice, as well as internationally renowned scientists who acted as keynote speakers at the conference.Finally, our sincere gratitude goes also to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the conference proceedings.On behalf of the Organizing Committee of MEIE 2022.List of Technical Program Committee is available in this Pdf.

USING ACTION RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE SYSTEMATIC APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE METHODS AND STANDARDS IN MANAGING RISK IN EVENT MANAGEMENT

Alle besigheid behels die aanvaarding en bestuur van risiko, veral waar besighede betrokke is by die aanbieding en bestuur van gebeure wat inherent riskant is. Gebeurtenisbestuur is dus intrinsiek gemoeid met die bestuur van verskeie vorme van risiko. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die faktore te identifiseer wat die beste praktyke in die bestuur van risiko tydens gebeurtenisbestuur beinvloed en om te bepaal tot watter mate die faktore bydra tot die effektiewe bestuur van risiko in gebeurtenisbestuur. Meer as ooit tevore verwag 'n verskeidenheid belanghebbendes dat organiseerders van geleenthede aktief betrokke sal raak by die bestuur van risikos en dit sal doen in die mate van wat redelikerwys as uitvoerbaar beskou kan word. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering is vir hierdie studie onderneem wat bestaan uit tien aanlyn (virtuele) semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met geselekteerde ervare professionele persone om hul perspektiewe oor die bestuur van risiko in gebeurtenisbestuur vas te stel en waarom beste praktykstandaarde dikwels nie gebruik word nie. Die studie het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat risikobestuur 'n integrale deel van die gebeurtenisbestuursproses moet wees wat alle fases van gebeurtenisse insluit.Alternate :All business involves assuming and managing risk, and this is particularly true of businesses involved in the staging and management of events, which are inherently risky endeavours. Event management is thus intrinsically concerned with managing various forms of risk. This study aims to identify the factors that influence best practices in managing risk during event management, and to determine the extent to which the factors contribute towards effectively managing risk in event management. More than ever before, a variety of stakeholders are expecting that event organisers will actively engage in managing risks and will do so to the extent of what can be considered reasonably practicable. A qualitative approach was undertaken for this study, consisting of ten online (virtual) semi-structured interviews with selected experienced professionals to ascertain their perspectives on managing risk in events management, and why best practice standards are often not employed. The study concluded that risk management must be an integral part of the event management process, encompassing all phases of events.

The Impact of Effectiveness of Luggage Arrangement on the Airplane Passengers' Boarding Process

The boarding process is the role activity to maintain the airline's efficiency in the turnaround process on the ground. One of the scenarios to optimize the boarding process is the arrangement of passengers who enter the plane based on the amount of carry-on luggage, adjusted to the selected boarding strategy. This research aims to develop an agent-based simulation model to increase the effectiveness of passengers' boarding process by applying the luggage arrangement method for an airplane with a 180-seat configuration. The simulation results showed that applying the Ascending luggage arrangement method reduced the overall boarding process performance by 6.12%, while the Descending method increased boarding performance by 2.50%, compared to the standard Random method.

Work in Progress: Transforming laboratory learning experiences for Industrial Engineering education during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has set instructional barriers to engineering courses because of the limited access to learning resources and infrastructure. However, there is still the need for active alternatives for high-impact learning. This work explores the transformation of laboratory courses for Industrial Engineering education using Experiential Learning under remote learning spaces. The authors explore the current alternative efforts and propose a framework to face disruptive circumstances. These ideas were further implemented in two application cases over the last year. This work contributes to the enrichment of engineering learning experiences by considering novel learning situations and contextual conditions in labwork.

DEMONSTRATING HOW A HIGH-GROWTH FRAMEWORK COULD BE USED TO ASSIST A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE TO IDENTIFY GROWTH FACTORS AND IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY

Maatskaplike ondernemings is kritieke rolspelers in ekonomiese groei en dienslewering. Hierdie artikel stel 'n instrument voor wat help om die aspekte te identifiseer wat die volhoubaarheid van maatskaplike ondernemings bei'nvloed. Die instrument is gebaseer op 'n raamwerk wat hoě groei-faktore identifiseer en gebruik die "CRISP-DM" (Kruis-industrie standaard proses vir data ontginning) metodologie en wedersydse inligtingsanalise om 'n praktiese hulpmiddel te ontwikkel wat maatskaplike ondernemings se lewensvatbaarheid en volhoubaarheid ondersteun. Die instrument is toegepas op 'n gevallestudie om te toon hoe praktisyns en sake-eienaars dit kan benut. Boonop wys hierdie artikel ook hoe vakkundiges bykomende insigte kan verkry uit data wat voorheen deur 'n ander metodologie ontleed is.Alternate :Social enterprises are critical players in economic growth and service delivery. This article presents a tool that helps to identify the aspects that affect the sustainability of social enterprises. The tool is based on a framework that identifies high-growth factors and that uses the CRISPDM (Cross-industry standard process for data mining) methodology and mutual information analysis to develop a practical tool to support social enterprises' viability and sustainability. The tool was applied to a case study to exemplify how practitioners and business owners could use it. In addition, this article shows how scholars could gain additional insights from data that had been previously analysed using a different methodology.

Design and Implementation of OPC UA-Based VR/AR Collaboration Model Using CPS Server for VR Engineering Process

In order to cope with the changing era of the innovative management paradigm of the manufacturing industry, it is necessary to advance the construction of smart factories in the domestic manufacturing industry, and in particular, the 3D design and manufacturing content sector is highly growthable. In particular, the core technologies that enable digital transformation VR (Virtual Reality)/AR (Augmented Reality) technologies have developed rapidly in recent years, but have not yet achieved any particular results in industrial engineering. In the manufacturing industry, digital threads and collaboration systems are needed to reduce design costs that change over and over again due to the inability to respond to various problems and demands that should be considered when designing products. To this end, we propose a VR/AR collaboration model that increases efficiency of manufacturing environments such as inspection and maintenance as well as design simultaneously with participants through 3D rendering virtualization of facilities or robot 3D designs in VR/AR. We implemented converting programs and middleware CPS (Cyber Physical System) servers that convert to BOM (Bill of Material)-based 3D graphics models and CPS models to test the accuracy of data and optimization of 3D modeling and study their performance through robotic arms in real factories.

THE EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT EDUCATION

The paper analyses both technical (hardware and software) and managerial elements (management and enterprise culture) of Industry 4.0 related to their potential impact on Industrial Engineering and Management Education in particular, as Industrial Engineering and Management programs are tied up to the industry in a stronger way and are thus more sensitive to innovative changes in the industry. The paper also offers a case study by authors in various European countries, during the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, by questioning two professional categories of particular interest to the field of analysis: teachers and students. It also analyzes their position on the inclusion of the Industry 4.0 element in IEM engineering programs in both the technical and management fields, concerning the hardware, software, management and organizational culture elements.

Social Media as a Communication Channel During the Coronavirus Pandemic among the Faculty of Industrial Engineering at the Technological University of Panama, Main Campus, Year 2020

This research paper details communication between faculty of a higher education institution in Panama and its students after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is limited to the undergraduate student population on the main campus of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering of the Technological University of Panama (UTP). It pursues the following objectives: a) To know how undergraduate students obtain correct, truthful, and timely information from the Faculty, and b) distinguish the content relevant to their needs. To develop the research, we collected social media data metrics and held a focus group session. The research concluded that the students in the institution use the Instagram platform as their primary source of information from the faculty. Their priority is to seek clear, accurate, timely and immediate information about processes that they can conduct during the semester that helps them to fulfill the course objectives, avoiding any possible setbacks.

Additive manufacturing towards product production: a bibliometric analysis

Additively manufactured products offer extensive variety to consumers than many forms of production. Additive manufacturing (AM) production system allows consumer involvement, which has created a huge but largely untapped market. However, there is a gap between production and the market. Therefore, AM towards product production which focuses on the Commercialization of Additive Manufactured Products (CAMPs) is imperative. Despite the importance of CAMP, specific focus of research on the commercialization of additively manufactured products are scanty. There is also a lack of knowledge about the conceptual structure, intellectual structure, research trends, and the thematic structure of CAMP research. To contribute to this stream of research, this study takes an exploratory dimension by conducting a bibliometric analysis of publications on the CAMP. The R package and its associated biblioshiny were the software used. The study reveals that studies on CAMP started in 2007 with renewed interest starting from 2012. Importantly, it was found that the most cited articles focused on the economic potential of AM products in the home and specific industries. Also, there is an increasing focus on the business models that are necessary for the commercialisation of AM products. Generally, there is a shift in focus from the firm to the market. However, this is a niche area and requires more attention. Themes such as commercialization are just emerging, and researchers need to devote more time and effort to the consumer side of the commercialization of AM products.

Bridging Theory and Practice Using Facebook: A Case Study

In the past few years, Facebook has been increasingly studied for academic purposes due to its potential benefits to undergraduate education. Problems commonly found in university education include the lack of course engagement and the gap between theory and practice. This research contributes to the literature by investigating the impact of incorporating a non-mandatory Facebook group on learning outcomes. The analysis was done using a Taguchi method design, conducted with three two-level controlled factors (term, Facebook, and teacher). Results indicated that the students who participated in Facebook groups were more engaged with the course and applied theoretical knowledge to real-life problems better than students who learned under traditional instructional designs. Moreover, the use of Facebook groups led to better evaluation of teachers by the students. Furthermore, the student academic impact (knowledge and competence) was higher even though this complementary activity was not included in the course grade. We concluded that Facebook groups are excellent support tools that boost student engagement and their understanding of theoretical concepts and applying them in practice.

Omnichannel Management in a B2B context: Concept, research agenda and bibliometric review

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven increases in the provision of services through digital channels, even by more traditional companies. An Omnichannel model of service provision poses new management challenges for companies. This research reviews the literature on Omnichannel Management by companies whose clients are other companies (B2B) and classifies the different areas of research to date. The principal finding is that, despite considerable academic interest in Omnichannel management, there have been few studies of Omnichannel in the B2B field. This emphasizes a significant research gap to address. We have also outlined the Research Agenda to highlight future lines of research.

In time of twilight, fiduciary accountable managers ensure sustainable business growth: Existing technology increases the production

Without a doubt, covid-19 caused the global trade to a standstill and price of oil to fall unprecedently. Contrary to the common belief, people are concerned about the severity of the disease and started wearing gloves. The demand for glove has increased. This study focuses on selected factories which uses existing technologies to produce gloves. Owing to the demand, gloves are exported, thus ensuring sustainable business growth. These factories use their existing machines to produce gloves. It is noted that inhouse mechanical and chemical engineers are working around the clock to innovate the existing machineries. Also, employees are encouraged to spearhead innovative ideas into the production lines. The qualitative analysis is used for this study. The finding of this paper reveals that during unprecedented times, the demand of gloves has increased globally, which concomitantly allowed locally owned companies to increase the production gloves. Ultimately, these companies are having a good time in harvesting profit and maintaining a sustainable business growth. These companies fully adhere to sustainable product and eco-friendly

DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SOFT DRINK CAPPING MACHINE AND PROCESS MIXER

Hierdie artikel is gebaseer op botteleringproses optimering deur deurlopende verbetering. n Gevallestudie is by maatskappy XYZ geloods. Die Ses Sigma Definieer, Meet, Ontleed, Verbeter, en Beheer metodologie het getoon dat die bottelering en doppie-opsit prosesse defekte by die drie sigma vlak lewer. Die 5 Hoekoms, Pareto-kaart, visgraatdiagram en Verskaffers, Insette, Prosesse, Uitsette, Kliente model het getoon dat los doppies (31.6%), lae opvulvlakke (29.2%) en leě bottels (28.9%) die vernaamste redes tot hoě kostes as gevolg van swak gehalte is. Die moniteringstelsel is ontwerp op die toegepaste wringkrag te meet, die doppie werkstuk status te monitor en die drankie temperatuur soos dit die hitteruiler verlaat te meet. Die verkoelingstelsel van die menger is ontwerp met n geslote lus beheerstelsel. As die drankie se temperatuur nie binne een of twee grade Celsius is nie, word dit gestuur vir sekondere verkoeling, anders beweeg dit aan. Die glikol inlaatklep word aangedryf sodat die vloei van die verkoelingsmiddel aangepas word om te verseker die primere verkoeling is doeltreffend. Die resultate toon dat dit moontlik is om die proses binne die ses sigma vlak te bedryf.Alternate :This paper is based on bottling process optimisation through continuous improvement. A case study was done at XYZ company. The Six Sigma Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) methodology revealed that the bottling and capping processes were producing defects at 3 Sigma level. The 5 Whys, Pareto chart, fish bone diagram, and Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers (SIPOC) model showed that loose-capped bottles (31.6%), under-fills (29.2%), and empty bottles (28.9%) caused the highest cost through poor quality. The monitoring system was designed to monitor the applied torque value, the capping head status, and the beverage temperature upon leaving the heat exchanger. The cooling system on the mix processor was designed using the closed loop control strategy. If the beverage temperature is not within 1 or 2 degrees Celsius, it is directed to secondary cooling;otherwise, it proceeds. The glycol inlet valve is actuated such that the flow of the coolant is adjusted to ensure that the primary cooling is efficient. The results show that it is possible to operate production within the Six Sigma level.

A SYSTEMS THINKING CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR VALUE CREATION IN THE AFRICAN CEMENT MARKET

Sement is die wereld se belangrikste boumateriaal, en dit het Afrika, as 'n opkomende mark, afhanklik gemaak van die sementbedryf as 'n kritieke instrument om ekonomiese infrastruktuurgroei te bevorder. Vandag se uitdagende ekonomiese klimaat het sementprodusente ook toenemend afhanklik gemaak van spesialiste om hul bedrywighede op te gradeer, te moderniseer en in stand te hou. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te evalueer hoe ingenieursdiensorganisasies wat in Afrika werksaam is tans hul sake met hierdie sementprodusente bedryf. Die navorsing toon dat die literatuur oor stelselingenieurswese nie ten volle gebruik maak van waarde-ingenieurskonsepte nie. Die studie het hierdie gebrek aan samewerking identifiseer en 'n nuwe waarde-ingenieursisteemmodel voorgestel wat gebruik kan word om die gebruik van ingenieursdienste en -produkte in die Afrika-sementbedryf te bevorder en te versterk.Alternate :Cement is the worlds most important building material, and it has made Africa, as an emerging market, dependent on the cement industry as a critical tool to promote economic infrastructure growth. Todays challenging economic climate has also made cement producers increasingly dependent on specialists to upgrade, modernise, and maintain their operations. The objective of this research was to evaluate how engineering service organisations operating in Africa currently conduct their business with these cement producers. The research also showed that the literature on systems engineering does not make full use of value engineering concepts. The study identified this lack of collaboration, and proposed a new value engineering systems model that can be used to promote and strengthen the use of engineering services and products in the African cement industry.

Training the Next Industrial Engineers and Managers about Industry 4.0: A Case Study about Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Era.

Training the next generation of industrial engineers and managers is a constant challenge for academia, given the fast changes of industrial technology. The current and predicted development trends in applied technologies affecting industry worldwide as formulated in the Industry 4.0 initiative have clearly emphasized the needs for constantly adapting curricula. The sensible socioeconomic changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic have induced significant challenges to society in general and industry. Higher education, specifically when dealing with Industry 4.0, must take these new challenges rapidly into account. Modernization of the industrial engineering curriculum combined with its migration to a blended teaching landscape must be updated in real-time with real-world cases. The COVID-19 crisis provides, paradoxically, an opportunity for dealing with the challenges of training industrial engineers to confront a virtual dematerialized work model which has accelerated during and will remain for the foreseeable future after the pandemic. The paper describes the methodology used for adapting, enhancing, and evaluating the learning and teaching experience under the urgent and unexpected challenges to move from face-to-face university courses distant and online teaching. The methodology we describe is built on a process that started before the onset of the pandemic, hence in the paper we start by describing the pre-COVID-19 status in comparison to published initiatives followed by the real time modifications we introduced in the faculty to adapt to the post-COVID-19 teaching/learning era. The focus presented is on Industry 4.0. subjects at the leading edge of the technology changes affecting the industrial engineering and technology management field. The manuscript addresses the flow from system design subjects to implementation areas of the curriculum, including practical examples and the rapid decisions and changes made to encompass the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on content and teaching methods including feedback received from participants.